You are about to embark on a tour of a very unique community in the heart of the Mojave Desert, known as Newberry Springs. What makes this community special are the many sights and attractions found nowhere else.
The Calico Mountains near Barstow offer a treasure trove of hiking and opportunities for exploring back roads, along with unusual geologic formations and classic California mining history. Best known for the Calico Ghost Town, not many people are aware of what lies behind the famous ghost town. Several days can be spent exploring the different corners and fascinating places to see in the Calico Mountains.
Trip Specs
Length
10 miles (16 km)
Attractions
Rugged colorful mountains
Rugged canyons
Historic mines
Desert vistas
Difficulty
Must have 4WD high-clearance
Difficult to navigate
Easy to get lost
Elevation Gain
1,000 feet (300 m)
Virtual Video Tour
The Tour
Our tour starts on the east side of Barstow, where our previous tour of Main Street through downtown Barstow, ends. If you’ve missed that, see Driving Route 66 thru Downtown Barstow. This tour ends in the remote desert outpost of Ludlow.
Along the way, this tour visits these interesting towns and sites:
Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow with its connection to the Tournament of Roses Parade
Elephant Mountain
Daggett
Cool Water Ranch & power plants
Barstow-Daggett Airport
Newberry Mountain
Newberry Springs
Pisgah Crater
This tour can be taken in either direction; from Barstow to Ludlow or Ludlow to Barstow. If you start in Ludlow, simply follow the tour itinerary in reverse.
Barstow
Begin your tour by driving to the east-end of Main Street in Barstow, where it passes underneath Interstate 40. You can also take the I-40 freeway and take exit #1. Reset your trip meter here.
There isn’t much to see along the 1.5 mile (2.4 km) stretch of Route 66 from exit #1 to the Marine Corps base. There used to be an old hotel and bar, but it was razed around 2010. If you’re not a serious or diehard Route 66 traveler, you can jump on I-40 and exit at Nebo Street (exit #5), which also bypasses the Marine Corps base.
Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow
If you took Route 66 from exit #1, you’ll pass underneath I-40 again and in a short distance be stopped by the base’s main entrance. Just before the entrance stands an old gas station and hotel that was originally a Motel 6.
The alignment of Route 66 used to go right through the middle of this military installation. Until I-40 was built, Route 66 travelers drove right through the base as if it were another town along the road. Unfortunately, after the events of September 11, 2001, for security concerns, the public can no longer drive on this portion of Route 66 through the base.
The base is used as a supply depot and maintenance facility for the Marine Corps. It was originally established in 1942 to support the Pacific theater in World War 2. During this time, unneeded material, mainly wood for crates, were thrown away but picked up by locals to build many of the old buildings along Route 66. The base itself, has since grown to support the on-going needs of the Marines.
A satellite facility of the base was built later and called the Marine Corps Logistics Base Yermo Annex. It can be seen along this tour just north of our visit through Daggett. Here is where the Marines store a lot of their rolling stock. Trains can regularly be seen delivering or picking up the rolling stock, such as tanks, assault vehicles and JLTVs (Joint Light Tactical Vehicle).
An interesting side note about this facility, it is the home of a mounted color guard. Traditionally, this elite team of equestrians lead and kick off the beginning of the Tournament of Roses Parade on Pasadena’s Colorado Blvd, which ironically is also, Route 66.
To continue the tour, jump on I-40 eastbound at exit #2, drive two miles, then exit at Nebo Street (exit #5).
Newberry Springs’ economy has been agriculturally based since the earliest years. Apricots, alfalfa, chickens, turkeys, and even catfish were all commercially grown here on a large scale. In 1979, with the fall of the Shah of Iran, the world’s supply of pistachios became a concern. The U.S. pistachio industry expanded to meet the demand for this healthy, nutritious nut. Native to Persia, now Iran, it was a logical crop to grow right here in Newberry Springs.
The first pistachio seeds were brought to California in the 1850s. It was in the 1880s that the first pistachio nuts were imported to sell to Persian immigrants. To hide the generally poor quality of these imports, the nuts were dyed red. As the popularity of the pistachio grew, so did the interest in producing them here. It was a long process of testing varieties and methods of growing and processing. A very long process. The first commercial crop was produced in 1976. Ninety-eight percent of U.S. pistachio production is in California, primarily in Kern and Fresno Counties.
In the early 1980s, a lot of people planted pistachios here in Newberry Springs. The trees are planted as root stock. Later, male or female pistachio trees are grafted to this root stock. The male trees are strategically located in the orchard. Pollination is done by the wind, much like corn. Big Al, of Big Al’s Pistachio Farm was one of the first growers here. He performed grafting services for the growing number of producers. His processing equipment was used by many of the small growers to ready their crops for market. The first Pistachio Festival was held at his barn in 1998.
The Mojave National Preserve is one of the newest units of the National Park Service and within its boundaries represents much of the fine qualities of the Mojave Desert. This article, along with our Virtual Tour below, will give you a brief overview of some of the sites to see in the Preserve and where they can be found.
The Mojave National Preserve (MNP) was formed in 1994 by what is known as the Desert Protection Act. At approximately 1.6 million acres, it is currently the third largest unit of the National Park Service within the contiguous United States (right behind Death Valley and Yellowstone). It is roughly located between the I-15 and I-40 with the western edges starting roughly near Baker (north) and Ludlow (south) and extending to the Nevada/Arizona border.
There is a lot to explore in this large area and we hope that this article will spark your interest to learn more about it and take a trip (or several trips) out there to experience it for yourself. In addition to the vast amount of open, unspoiled desert landscapes, the Preserve has many unique things to see. It is a very special place.
Our accompanying YouTube virtual video tour gives you a glimpse of what those things look like and where they are located. Even better is our compressive Virtual Tour Guide that gives you plenty of details on all the places you’ll want to visit. Once you see all that the Preserve has to offer, you’ll want to go back again and again.
Designated in 2016, Mojave Trails National Monument is located inside the vast Mojave Desert, in San Bernardino County, California. Mojave Trails is a fairly new national monument, which was created along with two other nearby national monuments, Sand to Snow and Castle Mountains. It’s eastern boundary is just east of Newberry Springs.
Coverage
The monument covers a large swath of Mojave Desert, 1.6 million acres to be exact, just south of the existing Mojave National Preserve, and north of Joshua Tree National Park. It also incorporates several existing wilderness areas.
Unlike other national monuments, the area here is almost totally undeveloped, which was one of the reasons for creating it. With the talk of largescale solar power plants and windfarms, desert activists and preservationists wanted to take action before this swath of land was used for something that would alter the scenery in this area forever.
This stretch of Route 66 is part of the once-dreaded Barstow to Needles portion of the road that was so intimidating to those traveling back in the 20s and 30s. Most people had never seen a desert before and the lack of civilization out here was a genuine worry. Similar to the segment covered in the Barstow and Ludlow segment, this segment is even more remote and is also twice as long!
Trip Specs
Length
103 miles (164 km) one-way (Ludlow to Barstow)
Attractions
Classic Americana
Historic old buildings
Route 66 attractions
Amboy Crater
Large desert vistas
Difficulty
Roads are all paved
Rough pavement on eastern half
Elevation Gain
None
Virtual Video Tour
The Tour
Our tour starts on the east side of Barstow, where our previous tour of Main Street through downtown Barstow, ends. If you’ve missed that, see Driving Route 66 thru Downtown Barstow. This tour ends in the remote desert outpost of Ludlow.
Along the way, this tour visits these interesting towns and sites:
Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow with its connection to the Tournament of Roses Parade
Elephant Mountain
Daggett
Cool Water Ranch & power plants
Barstow-Daggett Airport
Newberry Mountain
Newberry Springs
Pisgah Crater
This tour can be taken in either direction; from Barstow to Ludlow or Ludlow to Barstow. If you start in Ludlow, simply follow the tour itinerary in reverse.
Barstow
Begin your tour by driving to the east-end of Main Street in Barstow, where it passes underneath Interstate 40. You can also take the I-40 freeway and take exit #1. Reset your trip meter here.
There isn’t much to see along the 1.5 mile (2.4 km) stretch of Route 66 from exit #1 to the Marine Corps base. There used to be an old hotel and bar, but it was razed around 2010. If you’re not a serious or diehard Route 66 traveler, you can jump on I-40 and exit at Nebo Street (exit #5), which also bypasses the Marine Corps base.
Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow
If you took Route 66 from exit #1, you’ll pass underneath I-40 again and in a short distance be stopped by the base’s main entrance. Just before the entrance stands an old gas station and hotel that was originally a Motel 6.
The alignment of Route 66 used to go right through the middle of this military installation. Until I-40 was built, Route 66 travelers drove right through the base as if it were another town along the road. Unfortunately, after the events of September 11, 2001, for security concerns, the public can no longer drive on this portion of Route 66 through the base.
The base is used as a supply depot and maintenance facility for the Marine Corps. It was originally established in 1942 to support the Pacific theater in World War 2. During this time, unneeded material, mainly wood for crates, were thrown away but picked up by locals to build many of the old buildings along Route 66. The base itself, has since grown to support the on-going needs of the Marines.
A satellite facility of the base was built later and called the Marine Corps Logistics Base Yermo Annex. It can be seen along this tour just north of our visit through Daggett. Here is where the Marines store a lot of their rolling stock. Trains can regularly be seen delivering or picking up the rolling stock, such as tanks, assault vehicles and JLTVs (Joint Light Tactical Vehicle).
An interesting side note about this facility, it is the home of a mounted color guard. Traditionally, this elite team of equestrians lead and kick off the beginning of the Tournament of Roses Parade on Pasadena’s Colorado Blvd, which ironically is also, Route 66.
To continue the tour, jump on I-40 eastbound at exit #2, drive two miles, then exit at Nebo Street (exit #5).
The most remote and barren stretch of Route 66 passes through California’s Mojave Desert between Barstow and the Colorado River, and the touring route described here covers the eastern half of it, between the towns of Barstow and Ludlow, and passing through the historic towns of Daggett and Newberry Springs. Driving this very remote part of the Mother Road back in the 1930’s made people nervous, and rightfully so. There was little traffic and, if their vehicle broke down, which they often did in those days, it was a long way to get help.
Trip Specs
Length
50 miles (80 km) one-way (Barstow to Ludlow)
Attractions
Classic Americana
Historic old buildings
Route 66 attractions
Old experimental power plants
Large desert vistas
Difficulty
Roads are all paved
Rough pavement on eastern half
Elevation Gain
None
Virtual Video Tour
The Tour
Our tour starts on the east side of Barstow, where our previous tour of Main Street through downtown Barstow, ends. If you’ve missed that, see Driving Route 66 thru Downtown Barstow. This tour ends in the remote desert outpost of Ludlow.
Along the way, this tour visits these interesting towns and sites:
Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow with its connection to the Tournament of Roses Parade
Elephant Mountain
Daggett
Cool Water Ranch & power plants
Barstow-Daggett Airport
Newberry Mountain
Newberry Springs
Pisgah Crater
This tour can be taken in either direction; from Barstow to Ludlow or Ludlow to Barstow. If you start in Ludlow, simply follow the tour itinerary in reverse.
Barstow
Begin your tour by driving to the east-end of Main Street in Barstow, where it passes underneath Interstate 40. You can also take the I-40 freeway and take exit #1. Reset your trip meter here.
There isn’t much to see along the 1.5 mile (2.4 km) stretch of Route 66 from exit #1 to the Marine Corps base. There used to be an old hotel and bar, but it was razed around 2010. If you’re not a serious or diehard Route 66 traveler, you can jump on I-40 and exit at Nebo Street (exit #5), which also bypasses the Marine Corps base.
Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow
If you took Route 66 from exit #1, you’ll pass underneath I-40 again and in a short distance be stopped by the base’s main entrance. Just before the entrance stands an old gas station and hotel that was originally a Motel 6.
The alignment of Route 66 used to go right through the middle of this military installation. Until I-40 was built, Route 66 travelers drove right through the base as if it were another town along the road. Unfortunately, after the events of September 11, 2001, for security concerns, the public can no longer drive on this portion of Route 66 through the base.
The base is used as a supply depot and maintenance facility for the Marine Corps. It was originally established in 1942 to support the Pacific theater in World War 2. During this time, unneeded material, mainly wood for crates, were thrown away but picked up by locals to build many of the old buildings along Route 66. The base itself, has since grown to support the on-going needs of the Marines.
A satellite facility of the base was built later and called the Marine Corps Logistics Base Yermo Annex. It can be seen along this tour just north of our visit through Daggett. Here is where the Marines store a lot of their rolling stock. Trains can regularly be seen delivering or picking up the rolling stock, such as tanks, assault vehicles and JLTVs (Joint Light Tactical Vehicle).
An interesting side note about this facility, it is the home of a mounted color guard. Traditionally, this elite team of equestrians lead and kick off the beginning of the Tournament of Roses Parade on Pasadena’s Colorado Blvd, which ironically is also, Route 66.
To continue the tour, jump on I-40 eastbound at exit #2, drive two miles, then exit at Nebo Street (exit #5).
This article provides a detailed explanation of the history of Newberry Springs, starting in the 1920s, along with accounts of what it was like living in this desert community from the 1940s until present.
Written by Bill & Pat Smith and John Wease, edited by Cliff Bandringa, January 2025
Bill Smith experienced living in Newberry Springs on and off for most of his life, starting in 1942. He got to know many people that lived in the community beginning in the 1920s. His accounts written here are from what he learned from those people. After retiring from a career in the Los Angeles area, Mr. Smith returned to Newberry Springs to retire on his family homestead. Mr. Smith moved to Utah in 2018 where he lives today.
Keep in mind that the following text will refer to the town as Newberry Springs, even though up until 1967, it was referred to as just “Newberry”. It was in 1967 that an individual influenced the U.S. Postal Service to rename the community to Newberry Springs.
NOTE:
To learn more about various topics, be sure to follow the hyperlinked text.
Much of what would become Newberry Springs materialized between the years of 1880 and 1940. This included the arrival of the railroad, and later the arrival of the automobile using the National Old Trails Road, later known as Route 66.
Coming of the Railroad
With the coming of the railroad in the 1880s, and the interest in mining around the same time, Caucasians began living in the area around Newberry Springs in the 1880s and 90s. Because of the boom-to-bust cycle of mining, people would live in an area for a year or so, then move on to the next mining boom, leaving that area with their buildings abandoned, although some of those buildings were moved to the next boomtown.
However, small communities that supported the railroad lived on until the 1960s as trains needed to be serviced every so often (50 to 100 miles). That servicing mainly consisted of topping off steam locomotives with water. When train locomotives switched from steam to diesel power around 1940s and 50s, those services were no longer required and many of these communities slowly disappeared.
Located at most of those support communities, the railroad built what were called “section houses” next to the tracks. This was the base of operations for a particular section of the railroad. Section houses housed the on-duty telegrapher, it served as living quarters for the railroad workers assigned to this section, and was used for storing maintenance equipment. The section house was also the unofficial train station for Newberry, serviced as a “whistle stop” for people that wished to take the train east or west. Unfortunately, most of these section houses that used to exist in such communities were torn down, including Newberry’s.
Section house at Bagdad, California
According to Bill Smith, many of the railroad workers living and working at the Newberry section house were either Navajos that the Santa Fe Railroad recruited from New Mexico and Arizona, or they were Mexican immigrants. These people were hard workers and very skilled at maintaining the railroad. Often, when the workers needed to travel out to a place along the tracks that needed attention, they would use classic railroad handcars for transportation.
When the railroad was first built in 1880, the abundant water supply in Newberry was realized. The town’s name supposedly came from two brothers, named Newberry, that lived near a large spring. This would later become known as Newberry Spring, which is now currently dry. In 1919, the railroad renamed the town to Water, as it was a primary water source for their steam locomotives. Water was shipped from here to other places east that had little water, such as Ludlow, which was a railroad junction town until 1941 and needed a lot of water.
Incidentally, the town’s name of Water was changed back to Newberry around 1930. Later, in 1967, the name was changed to Newberry Springs, thanks to a unique individual named Mrs. Orcutt that was living here at the time and was later famous for creating the World’s Longest Driveway.
National Old Trails Road & Route 66
With the dawn of the automobile in the early 1900s, there was a need to create several “ocean to ocean” roads. One of those was called the National Old Trails Road. It was established in 1912 that began in Baltimore, Maryland, and stretched to Los Angeles, with branches going to San Francisco and New York.
An enterprising blacksmith in Daggett named Seymour Alf was awarded the contract to grade the road from Barstow to the California/Arizona border. Alf began grading the road with a horse-drawn grader. Learn more about Alf’s operation in the Daggett article.
Seymour Alf’s horse-drawn grader
The western half of the road, consisting of both mountainous and desert terrain, was mostly dirt and difficult to drive. By the mid-1920s, the road was difficult to maintain and ran the risk of being decommissioned (ending Federal funding).
Luckily, in 1926, thanks to the new U.S. designated highway system, a highway numbered 66 was commissioned to run between Chicago and Los Angeles. It would use the existing National Old Trails Road alignment from roughly Las Vegas, New Mexico, to Los Angeles. This would be the beginning of a big economic boom for towns along this segment of road, including Newberry.
Homesteading
The Homesteading Act included the Mojave Desert starting around 1910. This brought interest in the land around Newberry Springs in the 1920s, and even more so ten years later during the Great Depression. A new breed of settlers laid down roots in what is now Newberry Springs, with its abundance in water, free land, and easy access to transportation with Route 66 and the railroad. Many people quickly learned how to live in the desert, which was quite different from where they came from.
Settlers quickly learned how to farm their free land. With the abundant water supply of Newberry Springs, growing vegetables was fairly easy. Incidentally, land that was homesteaded needs to be visibly worked for three years in order for ownership to be granted to the settler. The settlers-turned-farmers quickly discovered that the ancient lakebeds they were farming on consisted of alternating layers of clay and sand. Some soils worked great for farming, while others didn’t. However, the other soils, such as clay, were used for making adobe bricks and mortar for construction material, as well as for lining water reservoirs.
The vast desert landscape and remoteness of Newberry Springs gave the settlers the same challenges that settlers faced in places like Nebraska and Kansas – they were living in a remote area, far from any settlement with supplies. The settlers that stayed with it for those three years to own the land had to be a though bunch. They had to survive without the conveniences that they once took for granted in their previous home. They had to be tough, but also independent, and self-reliant. And, they had to be able to not only tolerate the loneliness of the remote desert, they had to love it. In Newberry Springs today, you still see many of these same traits of the citizens that live there now.
The period of time when settlers were arriving and setting up their homesteaded lands coincided with an unusually wet climate cycle. This was roughly in the 1920s and 30s. The wet climate at the time seemed normal to the newly arriving settlers. However, towards the end of the 1930s, this cycle ended, and the desert returned to its normal drier condition. Along with this and other conditions, many settlers abandoned their homesteads and either returned to where they came from or moved further west towards the California coastal regions.
Between 1920 and 1933, prohibition in the United States was in full swing. Relying on the remoteness of Newberry Springs, settlers began bootlegging operations. It was nothing compared to the bootleggers elsewhere in the Nation, but it was another way the settlers could carve out some income. Since Newberry Springs was far from any market, transporting the moonshine many miles away to a population center posed a challenge. By the mid-1930s, stills evaporated around Newberry Springs.
Living Conditions in the Desert
People living in Newberry Springs, whether they were the initial settlers or people that later became permanent residents, learned how to adapt to desert living. The top priority was access to reliable water and being able to produce food.
The Home
In the 1920s, available building supplies were non-existent. There was no Home Depot or hardware store within hundreds of miles. There were also no building contractors. If you wanted to build a home, you had to do it yourself or by someone experienced in building homes that lived nearby, using whatever materials you could get your hands on.
The walls of buildings were often made from the adobe blocks built nearby as explained under Homesteading. Walls and roofs were also constructed of wood. Chicken wire and plaster were usually available, so they filled in other ways of creating a barrier or divider.
Planning where to build your home on your property was important. Naturally, placing it under the shade of a tree, providing one was available, for cooling was critical. If a tree wasn’t available, several fast-growing ones, like cottonwood trees, were planted. The location of a water well was also a consideration. Some wells only produced water that can be used for washing and other uses, where other wells, ones that were typically deeper, had water that could safely be used for human consumption.
Providing there were enough shade trees, and given that many dwellings were rather small, a lot of time would be spent outdoors. This made for planning a living space, like a family room, outdoors and near the dwelling. It was common to have a permanent table and chairs that wouldn’t be blown away in the wind just outside the dwelling and taking advantage of shade trees.
Bill Smith’s childhood home of the 1930s and 40s as he remembers it thru a painting he made
Growing Food
Producing food often meant growing it yourself. Successful residents dedicated several acres of land to cultivating big gardens and/or fields of hay for livestock. Wild burros, jackrabbits, quail, and homegrown chickens filled in other protein needs. Vegetables from gardens grew nicely. Some residents experienced bumper crops of different vegetables, which created a lot of commerce between neighbors using the barter system. Perishable items were either immediately consumed, dried, canned or shared with family and neighbors.
By the mid-1930s and into the 1940s, more commerce came to the area around Newberry Springs, consisting of more mining and the military business, mainly the Douglas Aircraft facility that was built between Newberry Springs and Daggett. Some enterprising residents that grew bumper crops that grew well in the desert, such as watermelons and cantaloupe, took boxloads of them to such places. They were placed in areas where all the employees can access them, along with an empty coffee can. At the end of a workday, many of the melons would be gone and the can was full of money. Back then, people openly used the “honor system” to pay other people for their goods.
Keeping Perishables Cold
Even with the practice of consuming or trading perishable food items as quickly as possible, it was still necessary to keep them available for a few days when preparing your own meals. Enter the desert cooler.
Many desert dwellers built their own desert cooler using a somewhat similar design. Using the cooling processes of evaporation and the ever-present desert winds, it kept items such as smoked meats, cheese, butter, eggs and vegetables cool and in good shape. Water would soak burlap material that covered a wooden framework of shelves that would resemble a modern-day refrigerator.
The desert cooler was then placed directly under a tree for both shade and utilizing its branches to support and hold a tank of water. The tank would constantly feed the burlap with water so that it was always soaked, meaning that someone had to constantly climb up the tree with buckets of water to keep the tank full. Along with the shade produced by the tree, the wind would blow through the burlap creating an evaporative cooling effect. Amazingly, the desert cooler would keep butter so cold, you couldn’t spread it on fresh bread.
Water would continually seep down through the burlap that covered the box portion and would eventually drip down the legs of the desert cooler. Those four legs were placed in individual tin cans that filled up with the water running off the burlap, which kept ants from getting into the food. There was also a shallow pan kept under the desert cooler that water dripped into so that the dogs and cats could have a cool drink of water when they needed to.
The desert cooler
Modern Conveniences
Electricity wasn’t generally available to Newberry Spring residents until the mid-1930s. Property that was close to Route 66 or Newberry Road was able to tie into electricity first. Later, power lines were strung to outlaying areas. By the 1940s, many properties were hooked up to power.
By this time, more supplies were available in Barstow, which was only 22 miles away. One of those commodities was ice. It was common for Newberry Springs residents that didn’t employ a desert cooler, discussed earlier, to make frequent trips to Barstow to purchase ice for their iceboxes to keep perishables cool. Building supplies were also more readily available in Barstow. Many children were sent to Barstow daily to attend middle and high school.
Businesses also began to spring up in Newberry Springs along Route 66. One of the more prominent and important businesses was The Cliff House. It was established in 1929. See the Newberry Springs Driving Tour for driving directions. The Cliff House had something for everyone.
It was a full full-service desert oasis that included a garage, store, café, cabins, post office, general store, and even a swimming pool. Gasoline was for sale and dispensed using gas pumps where the fuel was hand pumped into a glass container at the top of the pump, then gravity fed into an automobile’s gas tank. With Route 66 being open for just three years when The Cliff House opened, the garage, café, and cabins were a welcome site to the weary traveler coming from Needles.
The swimming pool was famous, as its clear, cool water was advertised on signs along the road from Needles to Newberry Springs. Local children were able to swim in the pool by paying 10 cents and, in later years, 25 cents. The large cottonwood trees that once grew all around the property were watered every Friday night when the pool water was let out to flood the whole property. Saturday morning, local children would show up to clean the pool in lieu of paying the pool’s entrance fee. The pool would be filled up with the property’s ample water supply in a short period of time.
Cliff House as depicted in painting by Bill Smith
Later, towards the 1960s, The Cliff House became more of a hardware and general store for Newberry Springs. It was renamed to Deel’s, reflecting the new owner’s name. It remained open until the mid-2010s.
Communication
Between 1880 and 1930, communication to and from places outside of Newberry was either done by telegrapher from the section house described earlier under Coming of the Railroad, or simply by word of mouth by people traveling on the road. To use the railroad’s telegraph system, someone would take a message to the section house for the telegrapher to transmit the message. Vice-versa, when the telegrapher received a message for someone in Newberry, someone would have to go out and give that person the message. This process was similar to the Western Union telegraph system used during those days.
The aforementioned Cliff House was also the hub for communication and transportation. It had the only telephone in town. Beginning in the 1930s, The Cliff House had a classic wooden-crank phone hanging on one of its walls. It was connected to a “party line”, meaning that several parties, in this case, several towns, talked on the same line. You could only use the line when nobody else was using it.
In The Cliff House, people constantly listened for incoming calls based off the series of rings. When a long ring, followed by a short ring, was heard, it was a call for someone in Newberry Springs. If there were two short rings, the call was for Daggett, and if it was two long rings, it was for Ludlow. Naturally, if someone was calling for a resident somewhere in Newberry Springs, workers at The Cliff House would take a message, get it to the resident, so that they could get to The Cliff House and call the party back.
The one phone in all of Newberry – sketch by Bill Smith
Outgoing calls were a different process. To begin, you would pick up the microphone (attached to a wire) hanging on the phone’s left side, then crank the leaver on the phone’s right side. You would give the leaver one long crank, about three seconds, then one short crank, about one second. Then, you would hold the speaker to your ear and wait to listen for the operator to begin speaking. The operator would ask for the number you wished to call and, if the line was available, put the call through. If the circuits (lines) were busy being used or the party you were calling was not available, the operator would continue to try until a connection was made, then call you back to connect you to your party. After making a call, the operator would tell you the charges and you would go to the cashier at The Cliff House to pay them. For many rural communities across the USA, this was the typical way of using the telephone.
Personal telephones in private residences didn’t arrive in Newberry Springs until around 1959, eliminating the need for everyone to go to The Cliff House to use the phone.
Transportation
Along with driving an automobile on Route 66 to various places, there were other forms of transportation, such as bus service and trains. Newberry Springs was serviced by both Greyhound and Continental Trailways bus lines. Before there was bus service, the Santa Fe Railroad also offered a “whistle stop” for train service at a place near the section house described above under Coming of the Railroad.
For various reasons, people had to get to Los Angeles, which was 165 miles away. The closer town of Barstow didn’t have the services L.A. had in the early years. That meant a drive that took 10 to 12 hours. It took this long because of poor road conditions, especially over the Cajon Pass, plus automobiles went slower and required more time to “rest”, such as stopping to either let the radiator cool down on hills or to fill it up with water to prevent “boil overs”. Flat times were also very common, so time was spent changing tires during such long trips to L.A.
In the 1930s, travelers along Route 66 consisted of “highway” and “non-highway” people. Highway people were the ones that were immigrating to California from points east. They typically only traveled this section of Route 66 once and it was one-way. Non-highway people were people that lived in Ludlow, Dagget, and Newberry Springs that used Route 66 on a regular basis and traveled in both directions. There was an obvious distinction between the two types of travelers.
Both Greyhound and Continental Trailways bus lines stopped at The Cliff House, adding to the reasons why this was the center point of Newberry Springs. From the 1930s to 1960s, there were sometimes four Greyhounds and two Continental Trailways buses stopping at The Cliff House over a 24-hour period.
You had to have some knowledge of how to use either bus line. For one, you had to be familiar with the bus schedules. The latest ones were posted on a wall in The Cliff House. Second, you had to know how to use the flag system. A flag box, one colored grey for Greyhound and another red for Continental Trailways, was located on poles next to the gas pumps of The Cliff House. For the bus line of your choice, you would pull a lanyard that would raise a painted and appropriately colored rigid flag for the bus driver to see. These flags were similar to the old traffic signals used in the 1920s and 30s.
Greyhound bus flag – sketch by Bill Smith
When the bus arrived, before you boarded, you were responsible for using the lanyard again to drop the flag back down. The bus would not leave with a flag still up. The buses all had spotlights that were used to look for flags as they passed The Cliff House at night.
The first eastbound Greyhound bus in the morning dropped off the newspapers. It also dropped off any urgent items that were ordered from the Cliff House the day before, such as parts for a stranded motorist’s automobile. This service was similar to overnight shipping available from companies like Fedex.
Water and the Mojave River
Many properties you see today in Newberry Springs included irrigation reservoirs that were leftovers of the times when the original pioneers created such ponds to store water for longtime reserves. By the 1950s, due to the seemingly endless supply of easily accessible water near the surface throughout Newberry Springs, many landowners began using these ponds for purposes other than just storing water.
Fish pond on Bill Smith’s former residence
One of these purposes was for starting fish farms. In the 1950s, many people found income by cultivating catfish, which were easy to raise. One person, that being Bill Smith, began a co-op service, like those used in farming areas like the San Joaquin Valley of California. Mr. Smith would establish places or clients to sell the fish, such as lakes in need of restocking managed by different counties in Southern California. Property owners that raised catfish would sell their fish to Mr. Smith, who in turn delivered larger quantities to these clients. It was a win-win situation for all parties.
One fish farm still exists as of 2025 and has been in business since the 1980s. It raises coy fish (not catfish) that are sold to fish dealers and landscapers for decorative ponds all over the United States. The farm’s owner has entered their colorful fish into competitions and has won various awards.
Barstow Koi Farm (in Newberry Springs)
By the 1960s, some ponds were expanded and turned into recreational waterskiing lakes. Larger properties were combined into a multi-property community, similar to a homeowners’ association, that shares a waterski lake. Most of these are less than a half mile long and are oval-shaped so that the boat pulling the skier can continue going for multiple laps.
There are about ten of these communities scattered around Newberry Springs. The largest one has a 50-acre lake with about 30-40 residences. This is the largest in the area. Another lake is well-known in the waterskiing community and has big-name waterskiing competitions on a regular basis.
By the 1980s, the desert area was becoming more populated. Not only were more people moving into Newberry Springs and building more homes, but there was a much larger increase in homebuilding taking place further up the Mojave River, mainly in the Victor Valley (i.e., Apple Valley, Hesperia, and Victorville).
The headwaters of the Mojave River are in the San Bernardino Mountains, roughly 80 miles (128 km) up-river from Newberry Springs. It ends in a dry lake near the town of Baker along I-15. The Mojave River is very unconventional when compared to other rivers. It flows away from the ocean and never empties into another river or the ocean. Often, the Mojave River has no surface water as much of its water flows underground. The surface of the riverbed is mostly sand.
Where water in the Mojave River comes from
All the communities up-river took water from the Mojave River. As demand increased in the Victor Valley due to increased population, less water flowed through to Barstow and Newberry Springs. By 1990, the water levels in the Mojave River became alarmingly low. The City of Barstow took action and filed a lawsuit against every well owner in the Victor Valley, of which there were over 200 of them, including the water districts that owned them.
In the meantime, various droughts also occurred, reducing the amount of water that normally flowed in the Mojave River. Along with the lack of water, this also meant dryer conditions. Many newer residences in Newberry Springs that were built near the Mojave River saw an increase in drifting sand because of the dryer conditions. Often, these sand drifts would overwhelm and bury some residences during windstorms.
Some residents filed a lawsuit against the County of San Bernardino for miss-management of the river, since it was under their purview. Years later, some property owners received a settlement from the County and their abandoned homes still can be seen in Newberry Springs today. All that remains of some of those homes today is their chimney or roof sticking out of the sand dunes – the actual homes buried in the sand below.
The Barstow lawsuit was complicated as it had to be negotiated with a lot of well-owners. A settlement was reached where water from the California Aqueduct, also known as the California State Water Project, that passes through the town of Hesperia and near the Mojave River, was purchased and sent past the Victor Valley to communities down-river via a pipeline.
California Aqueduct near Little Rock, CA
In the late 1960s, the Mojave Water Agency (MWA) was established as part of the California Aqueduct. It was one of 29 water agencies that were established to wholesale and distribute water from the aqueduct. The MWA covered the area of the Mojave Desert, roughly from the Victor Valley, east to Yucca Valley, north to Barstow and Newberry Springs, and west to the Los Angeles County border.
In the 1970s, there was no need to distribute water to any of these regions until the 1980s, when the communities around Yucca Valley (50 miles southeast of Newberry Springs) had to impose a home building moratorium for lack of water, as they were also experiencing a population explosion. These communities entered into an agreement with the MWA to build a pipeline aqueduct from Hesperia to groundwater discharge basins in Yucca Valley. They would then purchase water regularly from the California Aqueduct through the MWA.
By the mid-1990s, the Barstow lawsuit was finally settled (adjudicated) by having the MWA regulate the traditional amount of waterflow down the Mojave River past the Victor Valley. The extra water that communities in the Victor Valley needed, were purchased from the MWA which came from the California Aqueduct. The MWA became the court-appointed “water master” that became responsible for monitoring water usage from all the wells so that all parties were rightfully charged for the water they consumed. Down-river communities, like Barstow and Newberry Springs, also had constraints put in place, monitored by the MWA water master, where they could only consume water at levels that existed around 1990.
The MWA also built another pipeline aqueduct from the California Aqueduct in Hesperia to various discharge points in Barstow and Dagget that would replenish the Mojave River with water. This water from the aqueduct returned normal waterflow to the river and the problem was solved.
MWA pipeline under construction somewhere near Daggett
During the negotiation process of the lawsuit, a ruling was also made to not create any new ponds or small lakes in any desert community, including Newberry Springs. Any existing pond was “grandfathered” in. Already in the 1970s and 80s, some property owners stopped caring for their ponds and they dried up. After the lawsuit, those property owners were no longer able to restore the pond to its previous state. For that reason, there are less ponds in Newberry Springs today than there were in the 1970s.
The Existing Buildings of Newberry Springs
The following will provide a synopsis of the historical buildings and sites one will see when they drive east on Route 66, between the Newberry Springs and Ford Cady Road exits on I-40.
Highway Maintenance Yard
Driving from west to east, the first historical set of buildings on the right side about one quarter mile from I-40 is the original highway maintenance yard built in the 1920s, when the roadbed for Route 66 was being built. There are a few buildings left where the maintenance workers lived. As of 2022, the property is privately owned and fenced off.
Highway Maintenance Yard from 1920s
Deel’s
The next building on the right after the maintenance yard is the former Cliff House discussed earlier, now known as Deel’s. The last time the building was open, it was a hardware and general store. We last saw it open around 2012. As of 2025, the owners still live in Newberry Springs and the old Cliff House may see life again someday.
Formally the Cliff House, now Deel’s
The Barn
Across the street from the Cliff House and a little to the east is what we know now as The Barn. This site too has a storied past. Starting in 1951, a couple with their high-school aged daughter bought the property and built a brand-new market and café with living quarters in the rear. It had Union 76 gas pumps out front. The building was nicely built with stained wood siding and a blue concrete-tile roof. The inside was all knotty pine walls with recessed lighting in the ceilings. It had modern refrigeration and air conditioning – top notch hardware all the way. Sadly, it was open for only a short time when the father died of a heart attack. The wife and daughter couldn’t run the place, so they sold it to new owners that ran the store until 1955. Several owners and ten years later, when I-40 was being built, the building mysteriously burned to the ground.
The original “Barn Bar” (as it was called then) was located on Mountain View Road near the railroad tracks. The building was actually a real barn from a ranch, which is how it got its name, then moved to this site in the mid-1950s and converted to a tavern. It hosted many community parties and fund raisers. Most of the events, such as the Newberry Follies Can-Can Show and dances, raised money for building the Newberry Community Building that is now located on Newberry Road, two miles north of I-40. This original Barn closed after I-40 was built.
The Barn that we see today was built on top of the foundation of the market that was built in 1951 and later burned down. Today, The Barn is a successful and popular establishment that attracts travelers along Route 66 as well as motorcycle clubs that venture up from Los Angeles for weekend outings. The Barn hosts many events including a monthly swap meet. See the Newberry Springs Chamber website for details.
The Barn as of 2023
Newberry Spring
A short distance past The Barn, the road passes by a small hill on the left. Just past the hill is the site of Newberry Spring. Along with Troy Lake, which is a few miles to the east, Newberry Spring always had an ample supply of water for the first travelers along the old road that really needed it.
Newberry Spring was a place where a lot of “highway people” would camp overnight to take advantage of the numerous shade trees and supply of water. As you’ll see when you drive by here, that doesn’t exist today. The spring’s waterflow began decreasing significantly in the 1940s and by the 1950s was completely dry. This became true with several other springs in the area.
Swampy Area & Troy Lake
Continuing east past Newberry Spring for the next 3-4 miles, Route 66 sits on a raised roadbed for a reason. When National Old Trails Road was built around 1915, due to the springs, this area was always a marshy area throughout the year with lots of cattails, desert willows and cottonwood trees. Additionally, after rainy periods, water would flow out of the mountains in the south and fill up these lowlands, as well as Troy Lake that is situated 5-7 miles east of Newberry Spring.
Old 1915 map showing road passing around swampy area (DRY LAKE)
Given that this swampy area was filled with water throughout the year, National Old Trails Road was routed around it and Troy Lake to the south (see Route 66 Barstow to Ludlow tour), which was on higher ground, nearer to the mountains. Even when there was lots of water, it was rarely 2-3 feet deep. When Route 66 was built in 1926, it was routed as a straight line with the railroad tracks (which was already on a raised bed) and laid down on top of a raised roadbed to be out of the water.
That raised roadbed also acted as a levy. Water that flowed down from the mountains, often as flashfloods during the summer monsoon season, would be contained to the south side of Route 66. That’s why, when you drive on the road from west to east, most of the businesses and buildings are on the left (I-40) side of the road.
Troy Lake was not associated with the swampy area near Newberry Spring. It is a low spot where standing water accumulates. Whenever there was water in Troy Lake, it was because of storm runoff from the various mountains. Like many desert basins, Troy Lake is a low spot where water flows. Since rainstorms aren’t intense every year, during dryer years, this area is referred to as Troy Dry Lake because it doesn’t contain water.
For various reasons, mainly because of increased consumption of water from the Mojave River aquifer, as well as an increasingly drying climate for the past 40 years, Troy Lake and the swampy areas are dry most of the time. The term Troy Dry Lake is a more frequently used term. Only during very wet seasons does water reappear in the old swamp area, but nothing like it was before 1950.
Bagdad Café
Two miles from Newberry Spring, Bagdad Café will be passed on the left. This is now a well-known attraction for Route 66 roadies and enthusiasts. The café was built in the 1950s and originally called the Sidewinder Café. It also included a cinder block hotel that was built around the same time. The hotel and its big classic sign were two more historic features along Route 66. Unfortunately, the hotel was torn down in 2015. Fortunately, however, the sign remains.
Hotel next to Bagdad Café in 2014
Both buildings gained fame with the filming of the 1987 movie of the same name, The Bagdad Café. After the movie, Bagdad Café became an attraction, and the new owners renamed Sidewinder Café to Bagdad Café. Bagdad Café shouldn’t be confused with the Route 66 town, also called Bagdad, located 50 miles east of Newberry Springs.
Learn more about Bagdad Café on the Route 66 Barstow to Ludlow road trip article.
Two Gas Stations
Not far past Bagdad Café, the ruins of a Whiting Bros. Gas Station will be seen. It can be identified with three gas pumps (if they’re still standing) sheltered by an overhang with a yellow stripe. Sadly, this site has been deteriorating rather rapidly over the past ten years. Regardless of its condition, this site has some fun history.
This property began prospering in the 1960s just before I-40 was built. If you look closely at the wall nearest the gas pumps, you’ll faintly see the words “Tony’s” and “Italian”. That’s because, this was once Tony’s Spaghetti House.
According to Bill Smith, Tony was a real character. Nobody knows what drove Tony to build an Italian restaurant in the middle of the desert! Tony tried real hard to make a go of the restaurant and was always friendly when you came in. The food wasn’t that bad for such a remote place. Tony acquired a Whiting Bros. franchise to subsidize his dining room. Soon he found other ways to make more income.
Painting by Bill Smith as he remembers it in better days
Side view of Tony’s looking to the east
Side view of Tony’s looking west
Closer view of the old 1960s era gas pumps
Behind Tony’s were several small buildings which are still visible today. The buildings always seemed to have young women in them. It seemed there was a turnover of women living in these buildings as it was related to the hitchhiker population at the time. What became more obvious was the increase of trucks parked for a long period of time, near the gas station. They were not there just filling up on fuel. It soon became known that Tony was running a house of ill repute! The local teenagers were known to blackmail Tony to sell them beer, otherwise they would turn him in to the authorities for prostitution. So, Tony did sell them the beer they wanted, just at double the price!
Just past Tony’s was Reed’s Texico Station. This building still exists in 2025 and is in great shape. Mrs. Reed and her son Bobby ran the place for quite some time around the same time Tony’s was in business. It was always spic and span and well maintained. Today’s owner still holds that tradition. Reed’s always had the coldest soft drinks in Newberry. You could pull a Coke or Nesbitt Big Orange Soda out of the cooler, and when you opened it, all the liquid in the neck of the bottle would freeze when it was opened.
Reed’s Texico Station in 2014 before modification
Fort Cady Road
There were several buildings and businesses between Reed’s and the intersection of Route 66 and Fort Cady Road. Most are either small ruins or completely gone. These buildings included Dutch’s Garage, another hotel, and another Whiting Bros. gas station. For a period of time, Newberry had two Whiting Bros. stations open at the same time.
